Explain. Students also viewed . Name. The amides formed from aniline are sometimes called anilides, for example CH3CONHC6H5 is acetanilide. HI is the stronger acid. 2 no2 + h20 gives hno3 + hno2. 'Conjugate' means ONE proton (H+) more (acid) or less (base) than the described acid or base respectively:So the conjugate acid of C6H5NH2 is C6H5NH3+ (phenylammonium cation) There are a number of examples of acid-base chemistry in the culinary world. Is a solution with H3O+ = 0.000777 M acidic, basic, or neutral? The HO becomes OH. Aniline and its ring-substituted derivatives react with nitrous acid to form diazonium salts. My question is in part B. I understand C6H5NH3+ is the acid, but why is it's conjugate base C6H5NH2 and not C6H5NH2+2? Is a solution with H3O+ = 7.73 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Again a very nice app. Explain. If we want to determine a Kb value using one of these handbooks, we must look up the value of Ka for the conjugate acid and convert it to a Kb value. Explain. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. (CH,)2NH" (as an acid) c. HASO4 (as a base) d. HOZ (as a base) e. CH_NH (as an acid) f. HSO3 (as a base) Find the area of the region. Acid. When C6H5NH3+ reacts with H2O, it gives off a positively charged Hydrogen ion that forms hydronium ion (H3O+). The amino group in aniline is flatter (i.e., it is a "shallower pyramid") than that in an aliphatic amine, owing to conjugation of the lone pair with the aryl substituent. _____ 1. it is basically an acid anhydride of both hno3(nitric acid) and hno2(nitrous acid). G. M. Wjcik "Structural Chemistry of Anilines" in Anilines (Patai's Chemistry of Functional Groups), S. Patai, Ed. Part (a) of Figure 16.17 "Solution pH as a Function of the Volume of a Strong Acid or a Strong Base Added to Distilled Water" shows a plot of the pH as 0.20 M HCl is gradually added to 50.00 mL of pure water. The first column has the following: 0.10 (which appears in red), negative x, 0.10 minus x. The oxidation of aniline has been heavily investigated, and can result in reactions localized at nitrogen or more commonly results in the formation of new C-N bonds. It will then be a modestly weak base by hydrolysis, as you have shown (reversible). CH3CH2NH3+ Weak acid. Explain. Hydroiodic acid. Write the formula of the conjugate acid for the base C6H5NH2. It has one less H atom and one more charge. Soon thereafter, applying a method reported in 1854 by Antoine Bchamp,[28] it was prepared "by the ton". The diamines are condensed with phosgene to give methylene diphenyl diisocyanate, a precursor to urethane polymers. Large. 1. What is the conjugate base for #"H"_2"S"#? development from birth to death. Its acetate is used in the aniline acetate test for carbohydrates, identifying pentoses by conversion to furfural. Is a solution with H3O+ = 1.6 x 10-9 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Determine whether each of the following salts will form a solution that is acidic, basic, or pH-neutral. The acid loses one proton (H+), donates it the H2O (making it H3O+ in the products side of the reaction as shown above) and the charge is neutralized as a result. Salts of Weak Acids and Strong Bases. Potassium permanganate in neutral solution oxidizes it to nitrobenzene; in alkaline solution to azobenzene, ammonia, and oxalic acid; in acid solution to aniline black. [34], Some early American rockets, such as the Aerobee and WAC Corporal, used a mixture of aniline and furfuryl alcohol as a fuel, with nitric acid as an oxidizer. You and I don't actually know because the structure of the compound is not apparent in the molecular formula. Arrhenius acid act as a good electrolyte as it dissociates to its respective ions in the aqueous solutions. What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? For example, sodium acetate, NaCH3CO2, is a salt formed by the reaction of the weak acid acetic acid with the strong base sodium hydroxide: \[\ce{CH3CO2H}(aq)+\ce{NaOH}(aq)\ce{NaCH3CO2}(aq)+\ce{H2O}(aq) \nonumber \]. What is the conjugated base in the following acid/base reaction: #CH_3COOH + H_2O rightleftharpoons H_3O^+ + CH_3COO^-#? N 2 H 5 and N 2 H 4 +D. 286 Math Specialists. Aniline is, for example, more basic than ammonia in the gas phase, but ten thousand times less so in aqueous solution. 4) What is the strongest acid in the following set? Is a solution with H3O+ = 1.0 x 10-14 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Hence, Methanol is a weaker acid than water. The accumulation of oxidative DNA damages in the spleen following exposure to aniline may increase mutagenic events that underlie tumorigenesis. Depending on the strength of the acid, the extent of the dissociation will also be different. Calculate the ionization constant for each of the following acids or bases from the ionization constant of its conjugate base or conjugate acid:C6H5NH3+OpenStax is a registered trademark, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.If you don't have the OpenStax \"Chemistry: Atoms First\" textbook, here is a link in which you can download it for FREE!https://d3bxy9euw4e147.cloudfront.net/oscms-prodcms/media/documents/ChemistryAtomsFirst2e-OP_T2wT7wj.pdfSUBSCRIBE if you'd like to see more solutions for your textbook!https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2C34WdYMOm47PkWovvzLpw?sub_confirmation=1Want us as your private tutor? Aniline (from Portuguese anil 'indigo shrub', and -ine indicating a derived substance) is an organic compound with the formula C 6 H 5 NH 2.Consisting of a phenyl group (C 6 H 5) attached to an amino group (NH 2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine.It is an industrially significant commodity chemical, as well as a versatile starting material for fine chemical synthesis. Organic Bases: Organic bases are compounds that contain nitrogen atoms with lone pair electrons that can accept a hydrogen ion (H+) and form a covalent bond. Name the major nerves that serve the following body areas? Give the conjugate base of NH4+ ? C 6 H 5 NH 2 + H 2 O <-> C 6 H 5 NH 3+ + OH -. (See choices in answer). NH4+ Weak acid. Now we have the ionization constant and the initial concentration of the weak acid, the information necessary to determine the equilibrium concentration of H3O+, and the pH: With these steps we find [H3O+] = 2.3 103 M and pH = 2.64, \(K_a\ce{(for\:NH4+)}=5.610^{10}\), [H3O+] = 7.5 106 M. \(\ce{C6H5NH3+}\) is the stronger acid (a) (b) . 1.3 * 10 6. . However, the ionization of a cation carrying more than one charge is usually not extensive beyond the first stage. Explain. Answer true or false to the following statements about the mechanism of acid-base reactions. pH of Solution. Explain. For example, reaction of aniline with sulfuric acid at 180C produces sulfanilic acid, H2NC6H4SO3H. The pKa values for organic acids can be found in Appendix II of Bruice 5th Ed. A conjugate base contains one less H atom and one more - charge than the acid that formed it. So the following is an educated guess. Water can act as an acid or base depending on the other reactant. The equilibrium equation for this reaction is simply the ionization constant. So OH is the conjugate base of HO. Explain. What is the conjugate base of oxalic acid, #HO(O=)C-C(=O)OH#? Is a solution with H3O+ = 1 x 10-8 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Acid generates H + ions in aqueous solutions. Calculate the equilibrium constant, K b, for this reaction. Why does a stronger acid have a weaker conjugate base? HClO4. Aniline can be diazotized to give a diazonium salt, which can then undergo various nucleophilic substitution reactions. Discover what acidic and basic salts are, see examples, and predict the pH of salt solutions. Is a solution with OH- = 2.7 x 10-2 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Aniline (C6H5NH2) is a weak base and can be represented by the following equation: C6H5NH2 + H2O C6H5NH3+ + OH-The Kb expression for aniline is: Kb = [C6H5NH3+][OH-] / [C6H5NH2] . [23] In 1840, Carl Julius Fritzsche (18081871) treated indigo with caustic potash and obtained an oil that he named aniline, after an indigo-yielding plant, anil (Indigofera suffruticosa). No creo que Susana _____ (seguir) sobre los consejos de su mdico. NO2- Kb = 2.50 x 10-11. Will NaCHO2 form a solution that is acidic, basic, or neutral? This conjugate acid is a weak acid. F. F. Runge (1834) "Ueber einige Produkte der Steinkohlendestillation" (On some products of coal distillation), N. Zinin (1842). CH_3COONa. The reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline was also performed as part of reductions by Antoine Bchamp in 1854, using iron as the reductant (Bechamp reduction). What is the conjugate base of #"bisulfite ion"#, #HSO_3^(-)#? HI. This relation holds for any base and its conjugate acid or for any acid and its conjugate base. The conjugate acid of KOH is K + which is too weak to function as an acid in water. Answer: B2 2-is a Diamagnetic What is Paramagnetic and Diamagnetic ? C6H5NH3+, as the acid, is a proton donor. If bromine water is added to aniline, the bromine water is decolourised and a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromoaniline is formed. Explain. Is a solution with H3O+ = 1 x 10-5 M acidic, basic, or neutral? What is the conjugate acid and base of #HSO_4^-#? What is the conjugate acid-base relationship of (H2PO4)- and (HPO4)-? The following four situations illustrate how solutions with various pH values can arise following a neutralization reaction using stoichiometrically equivalent quantities: Our stomachs contain a solution of roughly 0.03 M HCl, which helps us digest the food we eat. Explain. Determine whether the following salt solution is acidic, basic, or neutral: Sr(ClO_4)_2. The expression for the base constant is derived by following the usual rules for writing an equilibrium constant for a chemical reaction, with the additional feature that the concentration of water is dropped from the . Calculate the pH of a solution of 0.157 M pyridine. Ka, for the acid \(\ce{NH4+}\): \[\ce{\dfrac{[H3O+][NH3]}{[NH4+]}}=K_\ce{a} \nonumber \]. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Is a 1.0 M KBr solution acidic, basic, or neutral? Milk of Magnesia is a suspension of the sparingly soluble base magnesium hydroxide, Mg(OH)2. Conjugate acid is H2SO4 How can a base be used to neutralize an acid? Thats not exactly C6H5NH3+ dissociating but I dont understand how a positively charged thing can react with water. When we ran this reaction, there was excess weak base in solution with . Is a solution with OH- = 8.2 x 10-9 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Is a solution with H+ = 1.2 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Determine the acetic acid concentration in a solution with \(\ce{[CH3CO2- ]}=0.050\:M\) and [OH] = 2.5 106 M at equilibrium. Correct answers: 3 question: Aniline hydrochloride, (C6H5NH3)Cl, is a weak acid. Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 1.0 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? What is the conjugate acid of #"iodide ion"#, #I^-#? The aluminum hydroxide tends to cause constipation, and some antacids use aluminum hydroxide in concert with magnesium hydroxide to balance the side effects of the two substances. HC2H3O2 + H2O --> H3O^+ + C2H3O2^-? ), *Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Organic Reactions, *Free Energy of Activation vs Activation Energy, *Names and Structures of Organic Molecules, *Constitutional and Geometric Isomers (cis, Z and trans, E), *Identifying Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary Carbons, Hydrogens, Nitrogens, *Alkanes and Substituted Alkanes (Staggered, Eclipsed, Gauche, Anti, Newman Projections), *Cyclohexanes (Chair, Boat, Geometric Isomers), Stereochemistry in Organic Compounds (Chirality, Stereoisomers, R/S, d/l, Fischer Projections). [16] Oxidation with persulfate affords a variety of polyanilines. [24][25] In 1842, Nikolay Nikolaevich Zinin reduced nitrobenzene and obtained a base that he named benzidam. #"Al"("NO"_3)_3#, #"C"_2"H"_5"NH"_3"NO"_3#, #"NaClO"#, #"KCl"#, #"C"_2"H"_5"NH"_3"CN"#, http://www.chemteam.info/AcidBase/Conjugate-Pairs.html. A triprotic acid, H 3 A has the following K a s: K a1 = 3.37 x 10-4 , . Chemistry 12 Provincial Exam Review Prescribed Learning Outcomes with Selected Questions from Past Provincial Exams Chemistry 12 Provincial Exam Review Page 1 CHEMISTRY Explain. Explain. C6H5NH2 Write the formula for the conjugate acid of each of the following bases. C6H5NH3+ Weak acid. Suppose a solution has (H3O+) = 1 x 10-2 M and (OH-) = 1 x 10-12 M. Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral? Possibilities: Conjugate Acid: C6H5NH3+ | Conjugate Base: C6H5NH Conjugate Acid: C6H5NH3 | Conjugate Base: C6H5NH Conjugate Acid: C6H5N2 | Conjugate Base: C6H5NH2 Conjugate Acid . Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 0.00375 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Check out my picture. [11], The amine in anilines is a slightly pyramidalized molecule, with hybridization of the nitrogen somewhere between sp3 and sp2. C6H5NH3+, conjugate base is a weak base, therefore it is potentially acidic NO2-, conjugate acid is a weak acid, therefore the salt is also potentially basic However, since the Ka > Kb, the solution must be acidic So it has both nature acidic on basic in its constituent, it will act as a neutral soul. In this case, C5H5N accepts a hydrogen ion, becoming a conjugate acid and the species left over is OH-, making it the conjugate base. {/eq} solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. It turns out that fish have volatile amines (bases) in their systems, which are neutralized by the acids to yield involatile ammonium salts. A force has the dependence Fx(x)=kx4F_x(x)=-k x^4Fx(x)=kx4 on the displacement xxx, where the constant k=20.3N/m4k=20.3 \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^4k=20.3N/m4. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Acid with values less than one are considered weak. Explain. Relative to benzene, it is electron-rich. This is most easily seen when they dissociate in water: #H_2SO_4# + #H_2O# => #HSO_4^-# + #H_3O^+#. Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 6.9 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain. Alabugin I. V.; Manoharan, M.; Buck, M.; Clark, R. J. Consisting of a phenyl group (C6H5) attached to an amino group (NH2), aniline is the simplest aromatic amine. Aniline reacts with strong acids to form the anilinium (or phenylammonium) ion (C6H5NH+3).[18]. In this reaction primary aromatic amine reacts with sodium nitrile and with 2 moles of HCl which is known as Ice cold mixture because the temperature use to be 0.5C and it forms benzene diazonium salt as major product and water and sodium chloride. * Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project It lets you know that the solution is acidic! Strong acid. There are a number of examples of acid-base chemistry in the culinary world. These split apart 100%. Is a solution with H3O+ = 0.000571 M acidic, basic, or neutral? (b) All collisions between acids and bases result in proton transfer. Explain. In spite of the unusual appearance of the acid, this is a typical acid ionization problem. [citation needed], Aniline is predominantly used for the preparation of methylenedianiline and related compounds by condensation with formaldehyde. Organic bases are classified as bases because they act as proton acceptors and react with acids to form salts. Mi hermana se sorprende N-F C-F Cl-F F-F 2 Answers C-F is the most polar. The pH of the solutions may be calculated using familiar equilibrium techniques, or it may be qualitatively determined to be acidic, basic, or neutral depending on the relative Ka and Kb of the ions involved. What are the answers to studies weekly week 26 social studies? Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 0.00014 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Is a solution with OH- = 2.7 x 10-7 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Explain. The base which a certain acid turns into.Every acid had a conjugate base:HX (acid) X- (conjugate base)The acid is also called the base's conjugate acid. Is a solution with OH- = 7.9 x 10-13 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Is a solution with H3O+ = 9.81 x 10-9 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Work Plz. Explain. [26] In 1843, August Wilhelm von Hofmann showed that these were all the same substance, known thereafter as phenylamine or aniline. This video gives an overview of acids and bases; the second half is about conjugate pairs: Simple, easy to understand can be on this site http://www.chemteam.info/AcidBase/Conjugate-Pairs.html. Is a solution with OH- = 1.53 x 10-7 M acidic, basic, or neutral? What is the conjugate acid and base of #HN_3#? One of the most common antacids is calcium carbonate, CaCO3. acid: C6H5NH3+ because it donates a H+ to H2O Explain how you know. In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base. Write by: . Explain. HCN + SO4^(2-) --> HSO4^(-) + CN^(-)? Answer = C2H6O is Polar What is polarand non-polar? When we neutralize a weak acid with a strong base, we get a salt that contains the conjugate base of the weak . C6H5NH3+ Ka = 2.50 x 10-5. Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 8.00 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? HClO 4. What is the formula of the conjugate acid of #HSO_4^-#? Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us [email protected] check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. [7], Aniline has been implicated as one possible cause of forest dieback. Express your answer in terms of x. How do you identify conjugate acid base pairs? After World War II, Cornelius P. Rhoads introduced the chemotherapeutic approach to cancer treatment. HBr. The value of Kb can be calculated from the value of the ionization constant of water, Kw, and Ka, the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of the anion using the equation: For the acetate ion and its conjugate acid we have: \[\mathrm{\mathit{K}_b(for\:\ce{CH_3CO_2^-})=\dfrac{\mathit{K}_w}{\mathit{K}_a(for\:CH_3CO_2H)}=\dfrac{1.010^{14}}{1.810^{5}}=5.610^{10}} \nonumber \]. Is a solution with H+ = 1.4 x 10-11 M acidic, basic, or neutral? If we can find the equilibrium constant for the reaction, the process is straightforward. KCIO_4. Question: Is B2 2-a Paramagnetic or Diamagnetic ? Give the conjugate acid of 2 HPO4 ? Explain. The constant of dissociation is calculated as K a = c ( C 6 H 5 N H 2) c ( H 3 O +) c ( C 6 H 5 N H 3 +). Post by Kim Tran 1J Fri Dec 07, 2018 3:35 am . 96% Satisfaction rate 49547 Orders Deliver x. c6h5nh2 express your answer as a chemical formula. [27], In 1856, while trying to synthesise quinine, von Hofmann's student William Henry Perkin discovered mauveine and went into industry producing the first commercial synthetic dye. Salvarsan's targeted microorganism, not yet recognized as a bacterium, was still thought to be a parasite, and medical bacteriologists, believing that bacteria were not susceptible to the chemotherapeutic approach, overlooked Alexander Fleming's report in 1928 on the effects of penicillin. Strong acid. The strongest acids ionize 100%. It has one more H atom and . Today, the name of BASF, originally Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (English: Baden Aniline and Soda Factory), now the largest chemical supplier, echoes the legacy of the synthetic dye industry, built via aniline dyes and extended via the related azo dyes. Is a solution with OH- = 1.6 x 10-3 M acidic, basic, or neutral? But be aware: we don't reference organic compounds by their molec. Why is my internet redirecting to gslbeacon.ligit.com and how do I STOP THIS. Because not all the molecules of it react with water ions and produce OH - ions, most of them stay together, only, a few molecules do interact with water, Therefore, the amount of OH - ions produced in an aqueous solution . Calculate the pH of a 0.10-M solution of aluminum chloride, which dissolves completely to give the hydrated aluminum ion \(\ce{[Al(H2O)6]^3+}\) in solution. Hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate give chloranil. Design a buffer that has a pH of 11.43 using one of the weak base/conjugate acid systems shown below. Explain how you know. When we neutralize a weak acid with a strong base, we get a salt that contains the conjugate base of the weak . Is a solution with H3O+ = 5.87 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Choosing an acid or base where pK a is close to the pH needed gives the best results. Deltoid muscle _____ 2. Explain. (a) KCN (b) CH_3COONH_4, How to classify solution either acidic, basic, or neutral? Formula. For example, acetic acid, like most weak acids, ionizes, 5%. * Compiled from Appendix 5 Chem 1A, B, C Lab Manual and Zumdahl 6th Ed. [21] As additives to rubber, aniline derivatives such as phenylenediamines and diphenylamine, are antioxidants. Explain. Base. Your email address will not be published. Is an aqueous solution with H+ = 5.4 x 10-4 M acidic, basic, or neutral? (c) During an acid-base reaction the lone pair on the base fills the A-H . Also (NO ADS), although you have to pay to see the steps it dose occasionally let you see . The reaction, \[CaCO_3(s)+2HCl(aq)CaCl_2(aq)+H_2O(l)+CO_2(g) \nonumber \]. What is the hydronium ion concentration of a 0.163 M solution of aniline hydrochloride at 25.0C given that the value of Kb for aniline is 4.3001010? Is a solution with H+ = 2.0 x 10-3 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Is a solution with OH- = 8.8 x 10-2 M acidic, basic, or neutral? Being a standard reagent in laboratories, aniline is used for many niche reactions. In this case, water would act as a base in which it would accept a proton from C6H5NH3+ to form the hydronium ion H3O+. Enter the the Ksp expression forC2D3 in terms of the molar solubility x.? Explain. This is similar to the simplification of the formula of the hydronium ion, H3O+ to H+. (For aniline, C6H5NH2, Kb = 3.8010-10.) Let us first write the equation of dissociation C 6 H 5 N H 3 + ( a q) + H 2 O ( l) C 6 H 5 N H 2 ( a q) + H 3 O + ( a q). Explain. ClO 4 -Perchlorate ion. Use the Bronsted-lowry model to label the acid-base pairs in the following equation for the ionization of water: H_2O(L) + H_2O(L) to H_3O^+(Aq) + OH^-(Aq). Explain. Aniline, a weak base, reacts with water according to the reaction. It has one more H atom and one more + charge (-1 + 1 = 0). Explain. The hydroxide ions generated in this equilibrium then go on to react with the hydronium ions from the stomach acid, so that : This reaction does not produce carbon dioxide, but magnesium-containing antacids can have a laxative effect. Acid is a proton donor. Why is the conjugate base of a strong acid weak? Since there is an equal number of each element in the reactants and products of C6H5NH2 + H2O = C6H5NH3 + OH, the equation is balanced. If Ka > Kb, the solution is acidic, and if Kb > Ka, the solution is basic. In essence, Brnsted-Lowry acid-base theory is a general form of the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases. This increases the amount of hydroxide ion in the solution produced in the reaction and renders it slightly basic. Pickling is a method used to preserve vegetables using a naturally produced acidic environment. Practice putting on gloves and have your instructor sign off when you have demonstrated the correct procedure. The constituent ions that makes up an ionic (salt) compound may potentially have acidic/basic properties. Will NH4ClO form a solution that is acidic, basic, or neutral? A solution of a weak acid reacts with a solution of a strong base to form the conjugate base of the weak acid and the conjugate acid of the strong base. Base is a proton acceptor. What is the pH of a 0.233 M solution of aniline hydrochloride? However, the conjugate base of the weak acid is a weak base and ionizes slightly in water. Determine whether a 0.0100 M C6H5NH3Cl solution is acidic, basic, or neutral. How does a conjugate base differ from the acid hbr? Favourite answer. The sodium ion has no effect on the acidity of the solution. Explain. In 1834, Friedlieb Runge isolated a substance from coal tar that turned a beautiful blue color when treated with chloride of lime. Solutions that contain salts or hydrated metal ions have a pH that is determined by the extent of the hydrolysis of the ions in the solution. Why does a strong acid have a weak conjugate base, whereas a weak acid has a relatively strong conjugate base? This is the reason for the higher stability of the conjugate base of CHOH. What are the #"conjugate acids"# of #HO^-#, #HCO_3^(-)#, #HPO_4^(2-)#, and #CO_3^(2-)# ions? Conjugate base is SO42, Acid + base conjugate base + conjugate acid. We see that HCO becomes HCO. CN-Weak base. Determine whether a 0.0100 M {eq}C_6H_5NH_3F In alkaline solution, azobenzene results, whereas arsenic acid produces the violet-coloring matter violaniline.