91). Shell elongate, thin, transparent, grayish. Laevapex is a North American genus. Goblin Elimia) Elimia vanhyningiana (Goodrich, 1921). The giant African land snail is back in Florida after having been declared eradicated twice. 7-9). The greatest diversity of genera and species is in the Indo-Australian region. The genus is found along the east coast of North America from Maryland south to Tabasco, Mexico. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 129: 401-61. Shell cap-shaped or limpet-like with a wide, open aperture forming base of shell (Figs. 64). Low-dome Physa Over 500 species of Elimia have been described, most on the basis of shell characters. Shell smooth. (Thompson, 1968). Shell with or without bright bands; with low wavy growth wrinkles; large but not robust, 23-28 mm long. Female ovoviviparous with about 50 embryos in uterus; embryos clearly evident through clean shells. This genus contains three species. Peristome complete around aperture. A review of the recent freshwater limpet snails of North America. Three occur in Florida. Newborn young about 4.5 mm in diameter (this can be determined by removing juveniles from brood pouch). 36); males with a copulatory appendage, a penis (Fig. Many species are secondarily modified to appear right-handed or pseudo-dextral (FIGS. (Thompson, 2000). The horntail . Peristome incomplete around aperture. 122). (The penis is normally recurved into the mantle cavity, except during mating. Vernacular names are given only for species. (Walker, 1905). Officials in Florida are again battling a highly invasive, extraordinarily destructive giant snail species that also happens to be capable of spreading parasitic worms that invade human brains . 69, 70). Shell elongate with pointed conical spire. Shellolive-colored; spire straight-sided. Embryonic shell with fine vertical ribs and a heavy spiral chord on periphery and two basal spiral chords (Fig. 65). (Aguayo, 1935). Other families occur elsewhere in North America and in other continents. Earlier whorls of adult shell with heavy vertical ribs crossed by knobby folds or a strong spiral chord; sides of spire straight or weakly convex in lateral profile; embryonic shell with a single spiral chord on periphery and heavy vertical ribs, but without basal spiral chord (Fig. Henscomb Hydrobe Spiral or costate sculpture usually present. Penis with a few simple scattered superior tubercles on outer surface; parapical crest on a low ridge; accessory crest and inferior crest absent (Fig. (Mihalcik & Thompson, 2002). Approximately 35 species have been described. 75, 76). Biochemical studies show that in Elimia shell characters are conservative indicators of genetic divergence (Mihalcik & Thompson, 2002). Apical whorls raised to form a point on top of spire. Shell discoidal, grayish-white in color; transparent when fresh. Apex flat with narrow threadlike keel. Aperture loosely attached to or slightly free from preceding whorl. 86). Goodrich, C. 1942. Aperture broadly attached to preceding whorl across parietal wall. Suture relatively shallow. 5). You can also navigate through the images by clicking on the arrows near the left and right edges of the enlarged view. (Thompson, 1968). Operculum constructed entirely of concentric rings (Fig. The coloring makes state officials. Snails on corn. Shell with three whorls. The snails can produce 1,200 eggs in a year and grow up to about the size of a human fist. 198, 205). Base of shell open when viewed from below, showing most of preceding whorl due to curved basal lip (Fig. 51, 52). Sculpture above periphery of whorls consisting of nodes arranged in vertical and spiral rows. Florida Press, Gainesville: i-xv, 1-68; pls. 76). 54). Florida Applesnail (Thompson, 1968). 148). Adults about 15-18 mm wide with about 5.5 whorls (Figs.183-185). 102a, 102b). Sculpture consisting of fine incremental threads, and spiral striations that may become obsolete at maturity. It was well received, and it served the interests and needs of many people. The island apple snail is the largest of the known species in Florida with shell sizes up to five inches in length. Choctawhatchee Elimia 36). The living snail is bright orange. It is characterized by the lobed shape and glandular patterns of the penis. Outer lip strongly sinuous. Shell moderately elevated, over 0.25 times as high as long. A giant African snail sighting in Florida enacted a quarantine over parasite concerns. Plane of aperture nearly vertical when viewed from the side. dalli In the event that only shell specimens are available, picture-matching may be necessary to eliminate some choices in the couplets. Their siphonal canal is merged with their aperture and called a "siphonal notch". Operculum neomelanian, with a small, rapidly expanding nucleus located near the basal margin (Fig. Overshadowing this genetic divergence are frequent examples of convergent evolution of similar adult shell characters among distantly related species. Like. 169, 172). 41-43). (Thompson, 1968). One to several dark growth-rest varixes usually present on last whorl. Penis with papillae along both margins, or right margin only (papillae absent in some Aphaostracon). A catalogue of the Viviparidae of North America with notes on the distribution of Viviparus georgianus Lea. By Ker Than for National Geographic News. Others were new taxa not found in earlier surveys. Nat. 112), occurs in the Ocmulgee River system in Georgia. Univ. Contents 1 Shell description 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 References 5 Further reading Shell description [ edit] Five views of a shell of Pomacea paludosa Axial striations distinct (Fig. 1, 2). Males with penis at anterior right corner of mantle cavity. Three other species occur farther north. Outer lip of aperture arched forward (Figs. 57). 37), which is important for generic and specific diagnosis. There were no references to cover the entire state. About fifteen species have been described from North America. Penis with 3-7 papillae along right margin and a projection with 1-4 papillae near end on left side (Figs. Marginal teeth of radula trapezoidal with well-differentiated cusps. Littoridinops monroensis 131). They are commonly found on live aquatic plant stems, dead leaves and sticks, and on bottles and cans. Shell ovate, smooth or with fine raised riblets; riblets usually on the anterior slope when present. 180-193). Apex with fine radial striations (Figs. The rosy wolfsnail was introduced into Hawaii in 1955 as a biological control for the invasive . Widely umbilicate. Aperture broadly ovate. 12). Another variety, with cream-colored flesh and mottled brown shells, was detected in 2022. Credit: Craig Pittman. Apex subacute, distinctly eccentric to the right of the midline. Length of shell about 2.2-2.8 mm long (Fig. Penis filament white. Fenney Spring Hydrobe Acad. 6). 124). Their color varies from red-orange, to pink, to a blue purple. 203, 209). Lioplax pilsbryi pilsbryi Mantle cavity with gill on dorsal surface. Thiarids are ecologically significant because they tend to replace native snails where they are introduced and because of their abundance. 107, 108). Outer lip of aperture with a thick callus on inner surface. Paper fig A Florida Gulf Coast specialty shell! (Lamarck, 1822). Thick-shelled Hydrobe Shell cylindric-conical, solid opaque; 4.5-4.9 moderately rounded whorls. Two-ridged Rams-horn Adults about 5 mm long (Figs. One species, C. chinensis malleatus (Reeve, 1863) (Fig. An invasive snail species known as the giant African land snail has officially been eradicated in the state of Florida after years of attempts and $24 million worth . Outer lip straightened just below shoulder; straightened portion lying at an angle to axis of shell (Figs. (Thompson, 1968). Some shells may be heavily encrusted with mineral deposit and algae, which may obscure details of the sculpture and color. Spiketopped Applesnail They are brown in color and have a striped pattern. Apex less than 0.4 times length of shell. Peristome complete around aperture. 99). JACKSONVILLE, Fla. - An invasive giant African snail that has already had to be eradicated twice in the last 50 years in Florida is back and one county is on high alert. Sculpture consisting of incremental striations only. They are variable in their shell characteristics, and some samples may be difficult to identify. Baker, F.C. Important diagnostic characteristics for subfamilies, genera, and species are found in the female reproductive system, the male reproductive organ (the penis), and modifications of the radular teeth. Shell distinctly carinated above and below; both apex and base funnel-shaped. The snails live in the bays and mudflats, but after they die their shells wash up on the beaches. Penis with papillae along right margin (Figs. Indented Duskysnail Malacological Review, Suppl. Outer lip straight in lateral profiles. 125); accessory crest absent on penis. Whorls of spire pointed and scalariform (steplike with nearly flat shoulders and deep sutures). 63). Whorls straight-sided, not scalariform; suture hardly distinct; aperture terminating at periphery of last whorl; vertical ribs weaker and closely spaced; adult size about 25-30 mm long (Fig. Pomatiopsis lapidaria Subspecies bear the same name as the nominate subspecies, as is consistent with the standard used by the American Fisheries Society for fishes, and by other societies for other classes of animals. Define Invasive Species: must have ALL of the following -. 17, 29-32), shell usually banded in Florida forms. (Walker, 1908). (Thompson, 1968). It is troublesome mostly in southern Florida as far north as Tampa, but because potted plants are regularly moved northward it can appear almost anywhere. 96). Inferior crest usually present. Vertical ribs smooth along the periphery, strongly developed (Fig. 32). Identification of Marine Snails reefdup Identification, Snails July 3, 2020 Cerith, Collonista, Collumbellid, Conch, Limpet, Nassarius, Nerite, Ninja, Pyramidellid, Snail, Stomatella, Turbo, Vermetid 3 Comments Marine snails come in all shapes, sizes, colors, and function, so proper identification is crucial! Sides of spire straight in lateral profile. (Fig.114). Knobby Elimia 75). The International Commision on Zoological Nomenclature has ruled that AMPULLARIIDAE is the valid name for this family of snails. Size larger, adults 7 mm or more in width. Elimia athearni (Sowerby, 1878). (Morelet, 1851). Viviparus contectoides limi, new name for V. c. compactus Pils. Rhapinema dacryon North American freshwater snails: species list, ranges and illustrations. Inside of lip with or without a reddish callus but callus never dark red in color. 10). October 14, 2021 7:00 am. 170). Thompson, F. G. 1997. Shell conical, olivaceous in color. Fossaria cubensis Nuclear whorl slightly protruding, 0.29-0.41 mm in diameter transverse to initial suture. Seashell Identification Identify your Florida Gulf Coast seashells! Aphaostracon monas (Pilsbry, 1899). 34, 35). (Fig. 159). Most inhabit fresh water, but some also occur in brackish water. Spilochlamys conica A review of the aquatic gastropod subfamily Cochliopinae (Prosobranchia, Hydrobiidae). This family contains twelve genera in North America. 145). Dorsl surface of penis with a few elongate superior tubercles that form a weakly defined U-shaped pattern. (Say, 1825). Eight species have been proposed. Choctawhatchee Pebblesnail) Somatogyrus sp. Shell highly variable in shape; freshwater forms olivaceous or brown; adults with about 4.5-6.0 whorls; about 3.5-4.5 mm long (Fig. Elimia doolyensis 10-12). Operculum corneas, without pegs on inner or outer surface. Shell globose with a relatively depressed spire; about 1.0- 1.2 times as high as wide. Sci. Alexander Siltsnail The family contains many genera and numerous species in South America, Central America, Mexico, Africa, and Southeast Asia. Marisa cornuaurietus With the exception of Liguus fasciatus, these snails have shells that vary in color from ivory to tan, often with brown markings.Liguus shells are brilliantly colored and are frequently marked with yellow, green, pink, and brown. Adequate preservation begins when the specimens are collected. (Mihalcik & Thompson, 2002). Shell with a brownish hue. 1905. Nuclear whorl 0.29-0.33 mm in diameter. Elimia buffyae 82). Shell with prominent ribs and spiral chords on all whorls. Florida announced on Wednesday it has eradicated the African giant land snail - an invasive species that can destroy homes and infect people with meningitis - for the second time. Littoridinops palustris 69). Excentric Ancylid Shell conical or cylindrical-conical in shape; spire elevated; body whorl not disproportionately voluminous; umbilicus closed or open. It wasn't until 2021 the population was. Penis with 3 I 0 small papillae around base and 7-15 papillae along right margin in a single row (Fig. Basch, P.F. (Reeve, 1856). Mantle diffusely pigmented with melanophores (Fig. Prominent vertical ribs on middle and upper whorls. They complete their life cycles in one year. Ecology: This large snail is found in freshwater lakes, rivers, streams, ponds and ditches, preferring slow-moving water. Pewter Physa (Fig. Shell smaller, reaching a maximum diameter of 13 mm. Parietal margin of operculum slightly convex in outline (Fig. Kites belong to the same bird family as hawks and eagles, Accipittridae. Blackwater Ancylid 3:51. Penis with 0-6 papillae confined to right margin (Figs. Ampullariids have been referred to as PILIDAE in earlier editions of this manual. 204-207), often eroded in older specimens. Quarterly Journal of the Florida Acaemy of Sciences, 32: 241-65. Channeled Applesnail Shell 2.8-3.7 mm long. Seminole Siltsnail Most snails will have a conical shaped shell. 113). Conical Siltsnail Average length about 5.5 mm (Figs. 111). Penis with 4-6 papillae along right margin (Fig. Color of fresh shell never milky white. Spiral angulation on last whorl obsolete or bluntly rounded and forming a shallow sulcus below shoulder of last whorl. Shell usually opaque in adults, with a dark red callus inside the lip (Fig. Shell sculptured with prominent nodes overlapping suture and forming crenulations. Length of shell 2.0-2.4 mm (Fig. Adult shells about 40-60 mm high (Fig. Generally with distinct axial and spiral striations. Shell slender, attenuate. In the USA, it was first identified in New Orleans in 1939, but now is found in the Gulf Coast states from Florida to Texas, as well as in Puerto Rico and Hawaii. Lower margin of aperture advanced beyond upper margin so that plane of aperture slopes posteriorly when viewed from the side (Figs.189-193). A Guide to Florida Bird Species. Mantle diffusely pigmented or unpigmented. Body whorl rounded (Fig. The sexes are separate and fertilization is internal (Andrews, 1964). Curator of Malacology. 1962. Shell about 0.38-0.41 times as wide as high and about 20-27 mm long. Walkerana, 1: 81-365. As a result . Opercula of minute snails can be studied most easily by removing them from the animal and viewing them with transmitted light. Scatter a few granulated menthol crystals on the water surface and allow the container to sit for 10-15 hours, at which time the snails should be extended from the shell and insensitive to probing with a needle. 134). As was anticipated, further work on the systematics of the southeastern freshwater snail fauna created the need for subsequent revision in 1999, and for this updated version. Those available covered only part of the state or part of the fauna. Some species are dioecious with a normal representation of males and females. 34); penis frlattened, blade-like (Fig. Umbilicus variable. Planorbula armigera wheatleyi Shell medium-sized, 3.0-3.8 mm long; thinner, translucent or transparent in life; tear-shaped; spire raised and nearly straight-sided, pointed; body whorl less conspicuously enlarged, not descending to aperture along last half whorl. Operculum nearly multispiral with four large, slowly expanding whorls (Fig. 67). Rasp Elimia It was first identified in Florida by Dr. Harry G. Lee, who discovered the snail in Duval County in 2009. Color often glossy reddish brown. In view of the inconsistency of these shell characters, these three forms may represent only a single species, Campeloma limum, which is widely distributed from the Escambia River system of Florida and Alabama east and north into North Carolina and Virginia. Giant African Land Snail Identification Sheet - Florida Commissioner of . The bio-economic importance of snails to environmental issues has become increasingly relevant because of the impact that economic development has on Florida waterways. The aquatic snails of the Family Hydrobiidae of peninsular Florida. Shell larger, thicker, and opaque; spire 0.9-1.3 times length of aperture; with more than 4.2 whorls; penis flagellum with glandular crests. Crystal Siltsnail (Thompson, 1968). Shell transparent or translucent. Sides of spire concave in outline (Fig. The best times to look for shells are after a high tide, after a storm, in the morning, and during the winter months. Fossaria is found throughout North America, and in northern Europe. Fingers crossed, it'll stay that way. Penis with 5-15 papillae along right margin arranged in 1-2 rows (Fig. Pomacea paludosa, common name the Florida applesnail, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails . Haitia pomilia pomilia Vertical ribs relatively strong and more widely spaced. 119). Published April 18, 2013 This genus of minute freshwater snails is endemic to the Florida peninsula. It is globose in shape, body whorls are wide, spire is depressed, and the aperature is narrowly oval (Burch 1982). Identification should conform with all data in the key and with geographic distributions. 22). Shaggy Ghostsnail Spire raised and flat-topped. Height of shell about 23-26 mm (Figs. Operculum with about 6 slowly expanding whorls (Fig. Biomphalaria havanensis Adult size small, about 12-16 mm long (Fig. 197-209). 1918. Land Snail (Bulimulus sporadicus)A large group of Bulimulus sporadicus found in the Florida panhandle. A giant African land snail, photographed at a lab in 2014. Additional genera occur in the Orient, Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Operculum tightly coiled with four slowly expanding whorls (Figs. 1980. Green Cove Springsnail Micromenetus dilatatus avus (Pilsbry, 1905). Base of last whorl with prominent spiral ridges. Lower margin of aperture not advanced beyond upper margin. Viviparus georgianus Dasyscia franzi Thick-lipped Rams-horn The species of snail was present in Florida in the 1960s and 1970s before being eradicated in 1975, the FDACS said. The giant African snails detected in New Port Richey, Florida are unrelated to the population of giant African snails eradicated from Broward and Miami Dade counties last year. Floridobia fraterna Shell with or without bands; slender; Suture deeply impressed; upper whorls with a strongly carinate periphery (Fig. However, formalin is an excellent fixative for short-term preservation. 39). Armored Siltsnail Aperture loosely attached to or widely separated from preceding whorl. (Lea, 1962). Gulf Coast Pebblesnail) Somatogyrus walkerianus (Aldrich, 1905). Mesa Rams-horn (Frauenfeld, 1863). Typically, land snails live on or near the ground, feed on decaying plant matter, and lay their eggs in the soil. Shell relatively thick (Figs. Shell elongate-conical, with about 5-7 whorls. (Fig. Spiral sculpture absent. Fine vertical ribs present on uppermost whorls. Until recently the entire knowledge of the Florida freshwater snail fauna was based on miscellaneous papers dealing with single species, groups of closely related species or single river systems. 3). Fighting a new infestation of an invasive, crop-damaging snail, Florida agriculture officials on Thursday said they have collected 1,000 of the creatures in just over a week in Pasco County, where they were recently discovered following two years in abeyance. It also was the first adequately illustrated faunal summary published on the Southeast. 85). Formalin will corrode the shell and thereby eliminate color, delicate sculpture, and the periostracum the thin skin coating present on most shells. It is presented in the form of key supplements with illustrations and habitat information to facilitate identifications. Endemic New World genera occur in Cuba, Jamaica, and northern South America. They are most common on tropical islands but occur also in cold regions, where they hibernate. Davis, G.M., M. Mazurkiewicz, & M. Mandracchia. The manual treats only those genera that occur in freshwater. Shell usually marked with red or rust-colored spots, flames, or bands (most apparent on juvenile specimens). Slough Hydrobe 100). (Clench, 1925). Lyogyrus retromargo Sculpture consisting of distinct spiral striations and threads superimposed on growth striations (Fig. Aperture oval, about 0.75 times as wide as high. Hello Bruce. Now officially known as simply a Snail Kite, the subspecies from Florida and Cuba (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus) formerly known as the Everglade Snail Kite was listed as endangered in 1967.The range of the Florida population of Snail Kites is restricted to watersheds in the central and . Only three widely distributed species occur in Florida. (Thompson, 1968). Shell conical; thin and transparent; 4.0-4.5 strongly arched whorls. Adults with six teeth in aperture, two on the parietal wall and four on the palatal wall. shell with 3.9-4.2 whorls (Fig. Whorls 3.8-4.3. According to the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS), the giant African snail, commonly referred to as GALS by invasive-species aficionados, is native to East Africa . Florida Horse Conch ( Triplofusus giganteus) is the largest snail in North America and is Florida's state shell. Essentially identical shells occur repeatedly among unrelated genera and subfamilies. Cockscomb Hydrobe (Vanatta, 1934). Aperture rhomboid; baso-columellar angle extended as slight tonguelike projection; basal lip broadly but shallowly indented (Fig. NotogiIlia wetherby The VIVIPARINAE is widely distributed throughout Europe, Asia and eastern North America. Penis with 3 papillae along right margin (Fig. As of last . 7 new spider species . The bodies of large snails, such as viviparids and pilids, should be pulled from the shell. 70, 71). Dense Hydrobe Aphaostracon hypohyalina Most other genera have received relatively minor attention, and their systematics are in flux. Definitive identifications may require anatomical dissections and reference to other literature. Whorls 3.0-4.0. Rails, gallinules, coots and cranes. Aperture large, oval, much more than half the length of shell. Ovate Campeloma Females ovoviviparous or oviparous. 1992. Last whorl not shouldered (Figs.155, 156). Shell large, 80-100 mm wide. Lobe and flagellum with various patterns of dermal glands (Fig. Incremental striations uniformly weak. 87). Floridobia ponderosa Penis without a conspicuously enlarged papilla near right base, although other papillae usually are present. Aperture relatively large with fine, uneven, serrate denticles along parietal wall (Fig. Vail, V. A. Banded Mysterysnail They're different than the ones found previously. Fred G. Thompson (1934-2016) (Thompson, 1968). Spire short and compact, about 0.5-0.7 times height of aperture in mature specimens, proportionally longer in juveniles (Fig. Newborn shells white. The basic shell morphology of the PLANORBIDAE is left-handed, or sinistral (FIGS. Little is known about these animals, and diverse opinions exist as to how many species are recognizable. Peninsula Ancylid Curator of Malacology Click on images to enlarge them. Aperture relatively shorter, about half or less the length of the shell. Shell olive-green with vertical reddish flames and spots. Snails have invaded some local areas throughout northern Santa Rosa and Escambia Counties this summer. Shell with 4.4-5.0 whorls; about 3.7-5.2 mm long. The Florida Department . All snails in the subfamily Achatininae, including the giant African snail (GAS) (Lissachatina fulica), are regulated plant pests. Only genera that enter fresh water are treated. Sculpture consisting of axial striations only (Fig.147). 1979b. Shell medium-sized or large; 5.4-7.5 mm long; thick and opaque; ovate or globose; apical whorls depressed; sides of spire rounded; body whorl conspicuously enlarged, ample, rapidly descending to aperture along last half whorl. University of Florida scientists say the nightmarishly named "rat lungworm" has been found in multiple species of snails in the Miami area, including the invasive giant African snail. Spilochlamys is most similar to the next genus, Cincinnatia, from which its shell usually differs by having a more deeply impressed suture, more strongly shouldered whorls, and a wider umbilical perforation. Red-rimmed Melania Your choice will lead you to the proper identification of your snail or the next appropriate pair of questions. Graphite Elimia Thompson, F.G. 1968. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, (456): 1-6. This is not the first time Florida has dealt with an invasion of giant snails. One species occurs naturally in Florida, and three others have been introduced. Florida Cone (Family) Conidae Distinguishing Characteristics: The Cones are easily identified by the distinctive cone-like shape and a long aperture that reaches up to their shoulder. Rotund Mysterysnail The deterioration process is not reversible. Ferrissia is widely distributed in the northern hemisphere. Shell obese and ponderous. Amnicola dalli. Most freshwater hydrobiids in the eastern United States are annual species. (Gould, 1841). Haitia cubensis It should be remembered that it is only a key which emphasizes shell characters. Brownish-yellow in color (Fig. Shell conical with strongly arched whorls and a deeply impressed suture. (Thompson, 1968). (Thompson, 1968). 98). Shell smaller, generally less than 12 mm long. Florida's . . Micromenetus d. dilatus Shell elongate-conical; 10-40 mm long in adult specimens; apex of spire usually eroded; shell with 8-12 whorls although eroded specimens may have fewer; shell usually strongly sculptured with spiral and/or vertical ribs and threads (except in Elimia dickinsoni); central tooth of radula without basal or lateral cusps (Fig. Pomacea bridgesi Ponderous Siltsnail (Thompson, 1968). Gray to brownish-yellow in color. Quilted Melania Walker, B. Helisoma anceps anceps Shell subcircular, smooth, often encrusted with dark material. Laevapex diaphanus In others they are deposited in the water in gelatinous clusters. Umbilicus of shell closed. Suture more deeply impressed than in 77a. Aperture strongly oblique. Aquatic; moves by gliding motion. Giant Snails Invading Florida, "Major Threat" to Crops. Pomacea canaliculata (Thompson, 1968). It is hoped that this manual will stimulate other biologists to contribute to our knowledge of freshwater mollusks. 162). Bantam Hydrobe Penis filament white. Shell variable in shape. 202, 208). Elimia annae The fixative may damage the shell, but that is unimportant for anatomical purposes. (Thompson, 1968). (Lea, 1842). Shell planular or disc-shaped; spire flat when raised above succeeding whorls (Figs. Marginal teeth of radula spatulate and bearing 8-10 weakly differentiated cusps. Seminole Rams-horn 80). Females with an egg-laying groove or sinus on right side of foot; eggs deposited on substrate. Outer lip partially flattened in adults. Unlike other brown-tinted giant snails, this. Two subfamilies occur in North America. Aperture ovate; broadly attached to preceding whorl. Sides of spire straight-sided in outline. Apex of shell flat-topped, but sunken below periphery of last whorl.