Moreover, it would be incorrect to attribute purely mercenary or religious goals to the conquest. Everywhere they traveled, they brought European diseases, which claimed thousands of native lives as well as the lives of the explorers. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. Huguenots Overview, History & Beliefs | Who were the Huguenots? The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. Among these was Toribio Motolinia, whose work, History of the Indians of New Spain, provided a comprehensive description not only of conversion methods, but Aztec religious and cultural practices. He then sailed to an island he named Hispaniola (present-day Dominican Republic and Haiti) ([link]). Other explorers made their way up the California coast and across the American southeast. The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. Eli Whitney Inventions & Facts | What Did Eli Whitney Invent? When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. In 1482, Portuguese traders built Elmina Castle (also called So Jorge da Mina, or Saint Georges of the Mine) in present-day Ghana, on the west coast of Africa ([link]). The Portuguese Role in Exploring and Mapping the New World Fighting on horseback gave the Spanish explorers an advantage over the Native American populations, who fought on foot. Spanish Exploration: Summary, Reasons & Effects | StudySmarter The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. The Portuguese continued to focus on building trade networks and establishing a trading post empire without heavy colonization in direct contrast to the Spanish. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. Cartographers developed new ways of mapping. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. Her specialties include early modern European history, gender history, and music history. What did the Portuguese and Spanish contribute to the age of In the 1500s they had ships called Spanish Galleons that . Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. Note the various fanciful elements, such as the large-scale ships and sea creatures, and consider what the creator of this map hoped to convey. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. For many Europeans, the Age of Exploration signifies a time when new lands were discovered. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. How did Exploration impact the world? In the following years, as European exploration spread, slavery spread as well. Islamic states had dominated. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. Payroll Services Expert, Novartis, Prague, Czech Republic 20+ Billion Cash Disbursements, 600k + payments through more than 400 Bank Accounts and countless lives impacted positively with our contributions to fulfill our noble purpose of reimagining medicineThe Payroll Services Expert supports the development of P&O processes, principles, and guidelines for a small client group, as well as . Learn key differences in what each country focused on when colonizing. They also looked west, settling in Brazil. In addition to navigation, what purpose would such a map have served? The Americas, Europe, and Africa Before 1492, Creating New Social Orders: Colonial Societies, 15001700, Rule Britannia! What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? The Spanish established the first European settlements in the Americas, beginning in the Caribbean and, by 1600, extending throughout Central and South America. Although, this conquest took over 30 years to accomplish. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. In 1492, Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, had fallen to the forces of the Spanish monarchs. But we can also fact-check these descriptions, whereas the Spanish court could only take them at face value. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. flashcard sets. Over the next two centuries, a string of explorers and conquistadors, or military conquerors, claimed territory after territory for the ever-widening Spanish empire. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. It took nearly a year for the Spanish and the tens of thousands of native allies who joined them to defeat the Mexica in Tenochtitln, which they did by laying siege to the city. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Below are excerpts from Columbuss 1493 letter to Luis de Santngel, which illustrates how fantastic reports from European explorers gave rise to many myths surrounding the Spanish conquest and the New World. The compass rose also told . They also found a sea route to India. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. The Economic Causes of European Maritime Exploration Various economic factors led some European monarchs, royal families, and states to support early maritime explorations financially. As Western Europe transitioned from the regional divides of the middle ages to stronger centralized countries, kings and queens looked for ways of expanding their spheres of influence and world outlooks. South American settlement began in 1523 in Venezuela, and in 1524-1526, the Spanish marched through Central America, exerting their control from Guatemala to Nicaragua. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. Taming the Bullwhip: An Exploration of the Supply Chain Ripple Effect B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. The carrack first appeared, historians believe, in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. What lands did Spain lay claim to and how did the Portuguese react? Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. This sixteenth-century map shows the island of Hispaniola (present-day Haiti and Dominican Republic). Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. . Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. One such explorer, Francisco Pizarro, made his way to the Spanish Caribbean in 1509, drawn by the promise of wealth and titles. Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode JMSE | Free Full-Text | Can a 16th Century Shipwreck Be Considered a What was an effect of Spanish exploration on both the Inca and the Aztec civilization? Slaves lived in the dungeon for weeks or months until ships arrived to transport them to Europe or the Americas. 5 Pages. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? By With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. However, they also brought disease and existing conflicts between European nations. No products in the cart. Spain brought the ecomienda system to the New World to build plantations for mining and farming, a system that categorically abused the Amerindian labor force without fair trades for their gold. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. Discover the motivations & goals of Spanish & Portuguese exploration of the New World & Asia. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. explored ante empire in Mexico. (credit: modification of work by National Park Service), Next: Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Describe Portuguese exploration of the Atlantic and Spanish exploration of the Americas, and the importance of these voyages to the developing Atlantic World, Explain the importance of Spanish exploration of the Americas in the expansion of Spains empire and the development of Spanish Renaissance culture. Part of this Age of Discovery was the creation of a new occupation, that of conquistador. Settlements sprang up at St. Augustine, Florida, in 1565, and in New Mexico in 1609. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). He received help from the neighboring cities terrorized by the Aztec empire, who periodically collected people from them to offer sacrifices to their gods in many elaborate rituals, outstripping nearby empires in their zeal. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The process where the Spanish and Portuguese Christians reclaim the Iberian Peninsula is called the Reconquista. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. 1524. Treaty of Tordesillas - National Geographic Society Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest, Religious Upheavals in the Developing Atlantic World, New Worlds in the Americas: Labor, Commerce, and the Columbian Exchange, Colonial Rivalries: Dutch and French Colonial Ambitions, The Glorious Revolution and the English Empire, An Empire of Slavery and the Consumer Revolution, Confronting the National Debt: The Aftermath of the French and Indian War, The Stamp Act and the Sons and Daughters of Liberty, The Destruction of the Tea and the Coercive Acts, Disaffection: The First Continental Congress and American Identity, Britains Law-and-Order Strategy and Its Consequences, Common Sense: From Monarchy to an American Republic, The Constitutional Convention and Federal Constitution, Competing Visions: Federalists and Democratic-Republicans, On the Move: The Transportation Revolution, A New Political Style: From John Quincy Adams to Andrew Jackson, The Nullification Crisis and the Bank War, Free Soil or Slave? In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school Lutheranism History, Facts & Beliefs | What is Lutheranism? They were looking for something new and different, and they were ready to push beyond Europe to find it. Spanish Exploration and Colonization | Encyclopedia.com Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History How Did the Spanish Treat the Native Americans? - Reference.com - What Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. Age of Discovery - Wikipedia Spain had dominated much of the Americas; Ortiz goes as far to brand the period as "The Golden Age of Spain [1] ". In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. Prince Henry the Navigator | Biography, Influence & Facts, The Development of Monarchical Nation States: the Rise of Power, Bartolome de las Casas: Destruction of the Amerindians, Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire | Biography & Facts, Carolingian Art | Overview, Renaissance & Characteristics. Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The Spanish started the trade of potatoes, pineapples, turkey, dahlias, sunflowers, magnolia, maize, chillies and chocolate across the Atlantic. He participated in successful expeditions in Panama before following rumors of Inca wealth to the south. The Spanish brought Western ideals to the Americas, including economic and religious systems. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. | 22 Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Among those who read Vespuccis reports was the German mapmaker Martin Waldseemuller. Eventually they blocked access altogether. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Originally built by the Portuguese in the fifteenth century, it appears in this image as it was in the 1660s, after being seized by Dutch slave traders in 1637. Spain also grew increasingly wealthy, but the influx of gold and silver currency eventually caused serious problems leading Charles V to declare bankruptcy and spread inflation throughout Europe. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. THE SPANISH GOLDEN AGE The exploits of European explorers had a profound impact both in the Americas and back in Europe. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. 2.1 Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - OpenStax When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? answer choices. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. Hernando Corts was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. . The Spanish also brought the disease smallpox. This was centre of the gold trade. PDF The Age of Exploration - Urbandale Community School District He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. 2.1: Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest In 1519, he entered Tenochtitln, the capital of the Aztec (Mexica) Empire. Westward Expansion, 1840-1900, Industrialization and the Rise of Big Business, 1870-1900, The Growing Pains of Urbanization, 1870-1900, Leading the Way: The Progressive Movement, 1890-1920, Age of Empire: American Foreign Policy, 1890-1914, The Jazz Age: Redefining the Nation, 1919-1929, Brother, Can You Spare a Dime? The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. Hispaniola is a marvel. Although his first efforts against the Inca Empire in the 1520s failed, Pizarro captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa in 1532 and executed him one year later. Since the Aztec people had never been exposed to the disease, thousands died as it spread throughout Mexico. The only arms they have are sticks of cane, cut when in seed, with a sharpened stick at the end, and they are afraid to use these. Columbus' reports about the many people already living in the New World prompted Queen Isabel to consider them under her protection as members of the Spanish Empire, promising to bring them to the Catholic faith and wanting them to be fairly treated. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered.