2. The Tatars didn't fare well in the Crimean War or in later conflicts, and many fled the region. [48] The western parts of the Crimean mountains receive more than 1,000 millimetres (39.4in) of precipitation per year. Between 1925 and 1969 the camp hosted 300,000 children. There are two railroad lines running through Crimea: the non-electrified ArmianskKerch (with a link to Feodosia), and the electrified MelitopolSimferopol-Sevastopol (with a link to Yevpatoria), connecting Crimea to the Ukrainian mainland. A look at the country's natural resources: Ukraine has the second-biggest known gas reserves in Europe, apart from Russia's gas reserves in Asia, although largely unexploited. [48] The frost-free period ranges from 160 to 200 days in the steppe and mountain regions to 240260 days on the south coast. The structure of hydrocarbons production in Ukraine is as follows: natural gas 89 percent, oil 7.9 percent, and gas condensate 3.1 percent. Grain exports are the mainstay of Ukraine's economy. Local trains belong to the Yuzhnaya Prigorodnaya Passazhirskaya Kompaniya (Southern Suburban Passenger Company), serving the entire network of the peninsula and via the Crimean Bridge three trains daily to Anapa. The 1879 census for the Taurida Governorate reported a Jewish population of 4.20%, not including a Karaite population of 0.43%. [61], Agriculture in the region includes cereals, vegetable-growing, gardening, and wine-making, particularly in the Yalta and Massandra regions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of energy resources in the annexation of Crimea. Why does Putin want Crimea anyway? - EUobserver [49] Summers are hot at lower altitudes and warm in the mountains. This also implies that the US is nowhere near the gas race. [48] It is characterized by diversity and the presence of microclimates. During WWII, they were forcibly deported on the orders of Stalin, as they were regarded as a potential "fifth column". [117], Crimean Tatar singer Jamala won the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 representing Ukraine with her song "1944", about the historic deportation of Crimean Tatars in that year by Soviet authorities. Life expectancy in the Republic of Crimea, Life expectancy in Crimea and neighboring regions, In 2013, Orthodox Christians made up 58% of the Crimean population, followed by Muslims (15%) and believers in God without religion (10%). Though Crimea is recognized worldwide as a part of Ukraine, the Russian Navy has kept its Black Sea Fleet stationed at a naval base in Sevastopol (in southern Crimea) since the late 1700s. Rich iron ore reserves located in the vicinity of Kryvyy Rih, Kremenchuk, Bilozerka, Mariupol, and Kerch form the basis of Ukraine's large iron-and-steel industry. Actually, Crimea is being debased. Crimea. [citation needed] They exercise in extremis administration of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea from Kyiv in the Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories. But it is one of the few nations with a closed-loop production in the titanium industry - from mining and processing of the titanium iron ores to the producer of finished products. In the event of economic sanctions, the supply chain for titanium could be affected, and furthermore, the ability to produce aircraft could be hampered. [45], Crimea is facing an unprecedented water shortage crisis.[46][47]. Despite its devastation, the Crimean War was noteworthy for several advances: Florence Nightingale and Russian surgeons introduced modern methods of nursing and battlefield care that are still in use today; the Russians soon abolished their medieval system of serfdom (in which peasants were bound to serve landowners, even as soldiers); and the use of photography and the telegraph gave the war a distinctly modern cast. In terms of natural gas, the country has around 1.09 trillion cubic meters, which is an incredible amount. Crimea's Deputy Prime Minister hinted at the possibility. Crimea was the background for Adam Mickiewicz's seminal work, The Crimean Sonnets inspired by his 1825 travel. The Russia-Ukraine Donbass conflict and the threats to the oil and gas 165. Iron ore reserves 24 min read. The city Staryi Krym ('Old Crimea'),[3] served as a capital of the Crimean province of the Golden Horde. [108] According to the 2001 Ukrainian population census, 60% of the population of Crimea are ethnic Russians and 24% are ethnic Ukrainians.[107]. Gazprom is Russia's largest company and, as of 2019, was the world's largest publicly-owned natural gas firm. Crimean water resources are limited, failing to fully meet the drinking and economic needs of the region. Reserves of Crimea: national, natural reserves in Crimea Until 2014 the network was part of the Cisdneper Directorate of the Ukrainian Railways. Russian President Vladimir Putin believes that eastern Ukraine, which (like Crimea) is home to many Russians, belongs to Russia and he wants to take it back. Seven Reasons Why Russia Wants to Keep Ukraine All to Itself - NBC News The resources of the region can ultimately add further steam to the Russian economy, which in 2021 looked to fuel, energy and steel for 65% of its exports. Between 1315 and 1329 CE, the Arab writer Ab al-Fid recounted a political fight in 13001301 CE which resulted in a rival's decapitation and his head being sent "to the Crimea",[4] apparently in reference to the peninsula,[5] although some sources hold that the name of the capital was extended to the entire peninsula at some point during Ottoman suzerainty (14411783).[6]. It has a population of 2.4 million. [93], According to the 2001 census, 77% of Crimean inhabitants named Russian as their native language; 11.4% Crimean Tatar; and 10.1% Ukrainian. By annexing Ukrainian land on the Black Sea coast, Putin also annexes the rights to any hydrocarbons found in its maritime zones. Behind it is the Syvash or "Putrid Sea", a system of lakes and marshes which in the far north extend west to the Perekop Isthmus. There are many Crimean legends about famous touristic places, which attract the attention of tourists. Russia Eyes Crimea's Oil and Gas Reserves | OilPrice.com During World War II, Crimean Tatars were deported by the thousands to serve as laborers and other menial workers in Russia under inhuman conditions about half the Tatar population reportedly died as a result. About 50% of fluxed limestone, 30% of iron ore, and 25% of soda out of the total reserves of Ukraine are contained in this territory. Some Greek myths state that this cape was supposedly crowned with the temple of Artemis where Iphigeneia officiated as priestess. Here, the narrow strip of coast and the slopes of the mountains are smothered with greenery. Strabo (Geography vii 4.3, xi. Ivan Aivazovsky, the 19th-century marine painter of Armenian origin, who is considered one of the major artists of his era was born in Feodosia and lived there for the most part of his life. [The 10 Epic Battles That Changed History]. Republic of Crimea - Wikipedia According to Reuters, Crimea may nationalize oil and gas assets within its borders belonging to Ukraine, and sell them off to Russia. Much of the natural border between the Crimean Peninsula and the Ukrainian mainland comprises the Sivash or "Rotten Sea", a large system of shallow lagoons stretching along the western shore of the Sea of Azov. [60] Other products produced on the Crimean Peninsula include salt, porphyry, limestone, and ironstone (found around Kerch) since ancient times. Besides the isthmus of Perekop, the peninsula is connected to the Kherson Oblast's Henichesk Raion by bridges over the narrow Chonhar and Henichesk straits and over Kerch Strait to the Krasnodar Krai. Also Read:Russia attacks Ukraine: Is this World War III? The Crimean Peninsula, located on the Black Sea, has been an important strategic area for thousands of years. [48] The Southern Coast is shielded from cold air masses coming from the north and, as a result, has milder winters. It has vast offshore oil and gas resources in the Black Sea, estimated between 4-13 trillion cm of natural gas. The Tauri gave the name the Tauric Peninsula which Crimea was called into the early modern period. South: In the south, between the Crimean Mountains and the sea runs a narrow coastal strip which was held by the Genoese and (after 1475) by the Turks. Why is that? Crimea is connected to Kherson (Ukrainian region) on the south by the 5-7 kilometers wide Isthmus of Perekop and separated from Russia . Crimea has been a part of Ukraine since 1954, when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev "gave" it to Ukraine, which was then part of the Soviet Union until its dissolution in 1991. Although much of the struggle is military as well as strategic, that is not where the story ends. [51], The Black Sea ports of Crimea provide quick access to the Eastern Mediterranean, Balkans and Middle East. An invasion force would be expected to be at least three times current levels. Russia eventually lost and ceded its claim to the peninsula, but not before the cities and villages of Crimea were ravaged. Industrial plants are situated for the most part in the southern coast (Yevpatoria, Sevastopol, Feodosia, Kerch) regions of the republic, few northern (Armiansk, Krasnoperekopsk, Dzhankoi), aside from the central area, mainly Simferopol okrug and eastern region in Nizhnegorsk (few plants, same for Dzhankoj) city. See the, Crimea Dynamics, challenges and prospects / edited by Maria Drohobycky. Putin has also spoken of Crimea's historic links to Russia and Russia's Black Sea Fleet. Inside these zones, countries. ", "About number and composition population of Autonomous Republic of Crimea by data All-Ukrainian population census", "About number and composition population of Ukraine by data All-Ukrainian Population Census 2001", The Deportation and Destruction of the German Minority in the USSR, On Germans Living on the Territory of the Ukrainian SSR, The Persecution of Pontic Greeks in the Soviet Union, "Public Opinion Survey Residents of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea", Russia seeks to crush Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Crimea for helping resist Russification, , , The Ukrainian Church of the Moscow Patriarchate demanded the return of the Crimea, "Eurovision 2016: Ukraine's Jamala wins with politically charged 1944", "UEFA-backed league starts play in Crimea", "Ukrainian Sport Minister urges Federations not to let athletes switch to Russia without serving qualifying period", 14 Russians bid to take part in IAAF World Championships, Lists of Crimean Tartar villages emptied in the May 1944 deportations, and most of them renamed in Russian, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crimea&oldid=1142337575, Russian-speaking countries and territories, Articles containing Russian-language text, Articles containing Ukrainian-language text, Articles containing Crimean Tatar-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Wikipedia extended-confirmed-protected pages, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Turkish-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2014, Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes from October 2022, All Wikipedia neutral point of view disputes, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from March 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2020, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2015, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, (under construction) Tavrida highway (route Yevpatoria-) Sevastopol Simferopol (SW to W N to East ring) Bilohirsk, P59 (completely within the city of Sevastopol), This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 21:17. In the 14th century, it became part of the Golden Horde; the Crimean Khanate emerged as a successor state. Crimea cost Ukraine over $10 billion in lost natural resources After the fall of the Soviet empire, Tatars began to return to their ancestral Crimean homeland, where they now number about 250,000 roughly 12 percent of the Crimean population. [71] This local electricity generation has proven insufficient for local consumption and since annexation by Russia, Crimea has been reliant on an underwater power cable to mainland Russia.[72]. Economic development is slowing down. 3 Reasons Why Putin Wants Crimea To Be Part Of Russia So Badly - Bustle It's the leading nation when it comes to reserves of titanium, iron and non-metallic raw materials. wide natural resource base including major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, bauxite, reserves of rare earth elements, timber, note, formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources Land use agricultural land: 13.1% (2018 est.) On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Among the many natural resources can be identified the main minerals of Crimea in short: Fossils of sedimentary origin; Fossils of volcanic origin; Fossils of marine origin. For Russia, the Black Sea is of particular importance for economic and geostrategic reasons. What Is Sectionalism? Definition and Examples - ThoughtCo This makes for significant annual fluctuation in water flow, with many streams drying up completely during the summer. [48] However, most of Crimea (88.5%) receives 300 to 500 millimetres (11.8 to 19.7in) of precipitation per year. Picture this, it's sufficient to be stretched around the earth several times. [41] The general trend is for the former lakes to become salt pans. [118], Painting of the Russian squadron in Sevastopol by Ivan Aivazovsky (1846), The grave of Russian poet and artist Maximilian Voloshin, People at the Kazantip music festival in 2007, Following Crimea's vote to join Russia and subsequent annexation in March 2014, the top football clubs withdrew from the Ukrainian leagues. Ukrainian president Zelenskiy drew attention to this fact in August 2022 when he stated that it was "necessary to liberate Crimea" from Russian occupation and to re-establish "world law and order". [citation needed] In addition, vineyards and fruit orchards are located in the region. Since that time, Crimea has existed as a semi-autonomous region of the Ukrainian nation, with strong political bonds to Ukraine and equally strong cultural ties to Russia. From west to east are: Heracles Peninsula; Balaklava/Symbalon/Cembalo, a smaller natural harbor south of Sevastopol; Foros, the southernmost point; Alupka with the Vorontsov Palace (Alupka); Gaspra; Yalta; Gurzuf; Alushta. The natural vegetation consists of scrublands, woodlands, and forests, with a climate and vegetation similar to the Mediterranean Basin. Putin's Crimea Mythmaking | Wilson Center It became a "health" destination for Soviet workers, and hundreds of thousands of Soviet tourists visited Crimea. [48] Because a high-pressure system is located north of Crimea in both summer and winter, winds predominantly come from the north and northeast year-round. Russia is looking for new ways to supplant its dwindling Siberian energy reserves. [79] After the breaking up of the Young Pioneers in 1991 its prestige declined, though it remained a popular vacation destination. There are a total of 291 large industrial enterprises and 1002 small business enterprises. Crimea Map - Ukraine - Mapcarta Other natural resources include kaolin, sulfur, graphite, salt, timber and arable land. In annexing Crimea, Russia dealt a severe blow to Ukraine's aspirations to become a fossil energy powerhouse. Lets' take a look: Ukraine's breakaway territories in the Donbass region have abundant natural resources and, thus, make the area economically very feasible for the future. [48], Precipitation in Crimea varies significantly based on location; it ranges from 310 millimetres (12.2in) in Chornomorske to 1,220 millimetres (48.0in) at the highest altitudes in the Crimean mountains. Cape Fiolent. Simferopol/Ak-Mechet, the modern capital. [42] Lake Syvash (Sva or ) is a system of interconnected shallow lagoons on the north-eastern coast, covering an area of around 2,560km2 (988sqmi). It was colonized by the ancient Greeks beginning in the seventh century BCE along with other areas of the northern Black Sea coast. The US and Europe could be looking at food and energy security by trying to ensure Ukraine's tilt towards the West, but will Russia allow it? With Russia's movements becoming increasingly suspicious . Throughout this time the interior was occupied by a changing cast of steppe nomads.